Generate Prime Numbers
Description:
Generating prime numbers is a fundamental process in various cryptographic algorithms. Prime numbers are natural numbers greater than 1 that have no positive divisors other than 1 and themselves.
Basic Use:
- Cryptography: Prime numbers are crucial in cryptographic algorithms like RSA. Large prime numbers are used to generate keys due to the difficulty of factoring their product.
- Key Generation: In algorithms like RSA, two large prime numbers are multiplied to create a public key. The difficulty of deducing these prime numbers from the public key (factoring) underpins the security of such systems.
Shared Generator
Description:
A shared generator, often used in cryptographic algorithms, is a number used along with a prime number to generate public and private keys, especially in algorithms like Diffie-Hellman key exchange.
Basic Use:
- Key Exchange Protocols: In Diffie-Hellman, for example, a shared base (generator) and a prime number are used by both parties to independently generate a shared secret key.
- Secure Communications: Enables two parties to securely exchange cryptographic keys over an insecure medium without exposing the keys themselves.
Private Keys
Description:
A private key is a secret key used in asymmetric (public-key) cryptography. It’s known only to the owner and is used either to decrypt data encrypted with the corresponding public key or to sign data, which can then be verified with the public key.
Basic Use:
- Data Decryption: In public-key encryption, the private key is used to decrypt messages or data encrypted with the associated public key.
- Digital Signatures: Used to create digital signatures where the authenticity of the message can be verified by anyone having the public key.
Public Keys
Description:
A public key is part of the key pair used in public-key cryptography. Unlike a private key, the public key is shared openly and is used to encrypt data or verify digital signatures.
Basic Use:
- Data Encryption: Public keys encrypt data or messages that can only be decrypted by the corresponding private key.
- Signature Verification: They are used to verify digital signatures made with the corresponding private key, ensuring data integrity and authenticity.
Integration in Cryptographic Systems
These elements are integral to modern cryptographic systems. Prime number generation underlies key generation processes, shared generators facilitate secure key exchanges, and private/public keys enable secure, confidential, and authenticated communication in a multitude of digital applications, from secure websites to encrypted messaging.
Extra
Alice
Alice's Prime Number:
Shared Generator Value:
Alice's Private Key (Private A):
Alice's Public Key:
Bob
Bob's Prime Number:
Bob's Private Key (Private B):
Bob's Public Key: