Part 2: Cryptography Protocols

Objective: Deepen understanding of cryptography protocols, their roles, and their application in securing data and communications.

Definition: Cryptography protocols are structured sets of rules or procedures used to secure various forms of electronic communications and data transmissions.
Key Importance: These protocols are essential in ensuring the security, authenticity, and integrity of data in transit over potentially insecure networks.

SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security):
- Provides security for internet communications by encrypting data transmitted over a network.
SSH (Secure Shell):
- A protocol for secure network services including remote server login and file transfer.
IPSec (Internet Protocol Security):
- A suite of protocols designed to secure Internet Protocol (IP) communications by encrypting and authenticating each IP packet of a communication session.
HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure):
- An extension of HTTP, securing web communications by applying SSL/TLS encryption.
PGP/GPG (Pretty Good Privacy/GNU Privacy Guard):
- Encryption programs that provide cryptographic privacy and authentication for data communication, commonly used for securing emails.

Encryption and Decryption: The core processes in securing data, where encryption transforms readable data into an unreadable format and decryption reverses this process.
Digital Certificates: Used primarily in SSL/TLS for authenticating the identity of a website.
Key Exchange: The process of sharing cryptographic keys between sender and receiver, often facilitated by protocols like Diffie-Hellman.

Activity: Investigate the SSL/TLS certificates of various websites using a web browser.
Objective: Understand how HTTPS uses SSL/TLS to secure web communications.